Data Encapsulation In TCP/IP
• Outgoing data is packaged and identified for delivery to the layer underneath
• PDU – Packet Data Unit – the “envelop” information attached to a packet at a particular
TCP/IP protocol e.g. header and trailer
• Header (Identifies the protocol in use, the sender and intended recipient)
• Trailer (or packet trailer) (Provides data integrity checks for the payload)
Data Formats
Encapsulation (TCP/IP)
Encapsulation example: E-mail
TCP/IP protocol stack
TCP/IP Reference Model
What is a socket?

Network Architecture
A set of layers and protocols is called the network architecture.
Protocol Hierarchies
• Networks are organized as layers to reduce design complexity.
• Each layer offers services to the higher layers. Between adjacent layers is an interface.

المدخل لدراسة القانون الإداري

 Organs of the digestive system are divided into 2 main group : the
gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory structures .
 GI tract is a continuous tube extending through the ventral cavity from the
mouth to the anus – it consists of the mouth , oral cavity , oropharynx , esophagus
, stomach , small intestine , large intestine , rectum , and anus .
 Accessory structures include the teeth, tongue (in oral cavity) , salivary glands ,
liver , gallbladder , and pancreas .

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an
estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Lung, prostate,
colorectal, stomach and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in
men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical and thyroid cancer are the most
common among women.
The cancer burden continues to grow globally, exerting tremendous
physical, emotional and financial strain on individuals, families, communities and
health systems. Many health systems in low- and middle-income countries are least

تتضمن هذه المحاضرة التعرف على انواع الاستبانة ومزاياها وعيوبها  كيفية استخدامها

Adult nursing expecting to learn students’ practical skills and
procedures. Adult nurses work with old and young adults with diverse
health conditions, both chronic and acute. Depending on experience and
training, As a nurse in the adult branch you will be working at the center
of a multi professional team that includes doctors, physiotherapists,
occupational therapists, pharmacists, radiographers, healthcare assistants
and others.

تتضمن هذه المحاضرة شرحا حول كيفية استخدام النسب المؤوية ومعدلات التغير وكذلك تعريفا باستمارة الاستبانة وكيفية استخدامها كوسيلة لجمع البيانات

تتضمن هذه المحاضرة تعريفا بالمنهج الاحصائي ومراحله المختلفة وانواع هذا المنهج والمقاييس الاحصائية التي يمكن استخدامها

The rules of logic specify the meaning of mathematical statements. For instance, these rules
help us understand and reason with statements such as “There exists an integer that is
not the sum of two squares” and “For every positive integer n, the sum of the positive integers
not exceeding n is n(n + 1)/2.” Logic is the basis of all mathematical reasoning, and of all
automated reasoning. It has practical applications to the design of computing machines, to the
specification of systems, to artificial intelligence, to computer programming, to programming