Discussing different tooth numbering systems and their importance in identifying all teeth in both upper and lower jaws. 

مقدمة حول علم المالية العامة والتشريع الضريبي 

First lecture in dental anatomy for 1st stage dental students.

This lecture explaining many dental terms in addition to illustrating dental parts and layers.  

A laboratory 

Role Of Medical Laboratory Services

Without Reliable Laboratory Services

What Is Medical Laboratory Science?

Laboratory Tests

What do lab tests show?

Types of Laboratories

Lab Department

Specimen Identification and Handling

Lab Request and Report Forms

Laboratory Workflow Cycle

Phases of Laboratory Testing

The Use of Biochemical Tests

Interpretation of Results

Units of Quantity and Volume

Standard International Units

Reporting Results

Laboratory Safety

General Safety Guidelines

Protective Clothing: A Vital Barrier

Chemical Hazards: Understanding the Risks

Biological Hazards: Working with Microorganisms

Physical Hazards: Recognizing Potential Risks

Mechanical Hazards: Handling Sharp Objects and Equipment

Ergonomic Hazards: Protecting Your Body from Strain

Environmental Hazards: Maintaining a Safe and Healthy Workspace

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Chemical Safety

Biosafety

Levels of Biosafety

Decontamination

BLOOD GASES - ACID BASE BALANCE
Blood pH & blood buffer
What is a buffer?
Acid -base balance
Physiology of acid-base balance: 
Lung function, transport of CO2 and acid-base balance
Kidneys and acid-base balance
Disturbances of acid-base balance
Respiratory acidosis – (raised pCO2, reduced pH)
Respiratory alkalosis – (reduced pCO2, increased pH)
- Metabolic acidosis – (decreased HCO3 –, decreased pH)
Metabolic alkalosis – (increased HCO3–, increased pH)
 

أركان الدولة
رغم تباين الاتجاهات الدستورية بشأن تعريف الدولة ، فإن الإجماع يوشك أن ينعقد على إنه يلزم لكي توجد الدولة أن يكون هناك مجموعة من الأفراد تعيش مستقرة في إقليم محدد وتخضع لسلطة سياسية معينة .
وبذلك يقتضي قيام الدولة توافر أركان ثلاث : الشعب ، والإقليم ، والسلطة السياسية . وتبعاً لذلك سوف نقسم هذا الفصل إلى مباحث ثلاثة :
المبحث الأول : الشعب 
المبحث الثاني : الإقليم
المبحث الثالث : السلطة السياسية
المبحث الأول
الشعب

Water And Electrolytes Balance and Imbalance   

Distribution of Water:

Disturbances of Water Homeostasis