Lecture 5
Compilers
Principle ,Techniques, and Tools
With My Best Wishes 20
Syntactic Analyzer ( Parser )
Every programming language has rules that prescribe the
syntactic structure of well formed programs. The syntax of

Lecture 4
Compilers
Principle ,Techniques, and Tools
With My Best Wishes 16
Symbol Table ( ST )
A symbol table is a data structure containing a record for
each identifier, with fields for attributes of the identifier.The

Lecture 3
Compilers
Principle ,Techniques, and Tools
With My Best Wishes 12
Lexical Analyzer
The analysis of source program during compilation is often
complex . The construction of compiler can often be made easier

Lecture 2
Compilers
Principle ,Techniques, and Tools
With My Best Wishes 4
Compilation concepts
What is compiler?
A compiler is a program that translates a computer
program(source program) written in H.L.L (such as Pascal,C++)

Lectures in :
Compilers
Principles & Techniques
By
Uni.Al-Anbar,Computers College
Dr. Esam T. Yassen
Adapted By
Dr.Sameeh Abdulghafour Jasim

cDNA Synthesis (complementary DNA synthesis) is a molecular biology technique used to convert messenger RNA (mRNA) into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This process is essential in studying gene expression, creating cDNA libraries, and performing techniques such as RT-PCR and qPCR.

RNA Extraction by TRIzol™ Reagent is a widely used method for isolating high-quality total RNA from various biological samples, such as cells, tissues, or microorganisms. TRIzol™ (also known as TRI Reagent® or phenol-guanidine-based reagent) combines phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate to lyse cells and inactivate RNases during the extraction process.

Refer to laboratory methods used to detect and analyze the binding or
hybridization of nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA. These techniques allow
scientists to study and manipulate genetic material and provide valuable
information about gene expression, genetic variations, and interactions between
nucleic acids. 
 

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a fundamental technique in molecular biology with a wide range of applications. It is primarily used to separate and analyze nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) based on their size. 

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a powerful laboratory technique used
to amplify specific DNA sequences, allowing scientists to produce millions or even
billions of copies of a target DNA fragment in just a few hours. The Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) was not a discovery, but rather an invention by Kary Mullis
in 1983.