Surveying may be defined as the science of determining the position, in three dimensions, of natural and  man-made features on or beneath the surface of the Earth. These features may be represented in analogue form as a contoured map, plan or chart, or in digital form such as a digital ground model (DGM).
In engineering surveying, either or both of the above formats may be used for planning, design and  construction of works, both on the surface and underground. At a later stage, surveying techniques are

Medical Parasitology (Theoretical)

Diagnosis, Host Types, Parasitism Types, Modes of Infection

we rely on the New Headway Plus Beginner Student's Book, which is widely used in Iraqi universities, as a primary resource. Additionally, we utilize the content created by Mr. Ibrahim Adel, who is the founder of the largest English educational channel in the world. He also offers two applications for learning English: Taleek and Z American English.

https://youtube.com/@zamericanenglish?si=xDxXssLwVMpfydVX

A Computer network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.

1. Introduction and Fundamentals