• Sterilization: Sterilization involves any process, physical or chemical that will destroy all forms of life, including bacterial, fungi, spores and viruses. • Disinfection: It is the process of using an agent that destroys germs or other harmful microbes or inactivates them. • Antisepsis: It is the destruction of pathogenic micro-organisms existing on the living tissue. Center for disease control and prevention (CDC) classified the instrument into critical, semicritical and noncritical depending on the potential risk of infection during the use of these instruments.

Staining is an Important process in microbiology.To study all structure and shape of microorganisms one must know and able to see the microorganism, and for that, it has to be colored by utilizing simple, monochrome, negative, differential staining and other stai

Instruments are used to examine, clean, cut, and help to restore teeth. The main types of cutting instruments are either hand-held or rotary instruments driven in a handpiece. Other equipment includes fibreoptic lights for illumination, light-curing systems used for polymerization of resinbased materials (such as; composite materials), new instruments for tooth-cutting/ caries removal, and ultrasonic scalers. These instruments may be reused after suitable decontamination and sterilization procedures, or else are disposable, single-use items.............

Analytical chemistry Methods of analysis

تتضمن هذه المحاضرة دراسة عناصر ميزان المدفوعات الاخرى وهي التجارة غير المنظورة وحركة رؤوس الاموال

Radiology is the science of diagnosing, treating, and conducting research with high-energy radiation. Dental radiography is a procedure of producing images of an object using x-radiation.Radiology is the science of diagnosing, treating, and conducting research with high-energy radiation. Dental radiography is a procedure of producing images of an object using x-radiation.
 

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that causes destruction to the hard tooth structures due to acids released by bacteria. There are sveral factors combine to cause dental caries at which they are: 1. Host (tooth and saliva). 2. Diet (carbohydrates). 3. Dental plaque (bacteria). 4. Time............