This section will introduce the most important terms of modern cryptology and will teach an important lesson about proprietary vs. openly known algorithms. We will also introduce modular arithmetic which is also of major importance in public-key cryptography.
In this chapter you will learn:
Measures of Central Tendency (Measures of Position) ) مقاييس النزعة المركزية (مقاييس الموضع
1- Introduction
It’s a numerical measures used to measure the data
concentrate position or cluster. In general the data is
tend to be concentrated around a particular values.
Influence lines have important application for the design of structures
that resist large live loads. In this chapter we will discuss how to draw
the influence line for a statically determinate structure. The theory is
applied to structures subjected to a distributed load or a series of
concentrated forces, and specific applications to floor girders and
bridge trusses are given. The determination of the absolute maximum
live shear and moment in a member is discussed at the end of
the chapter.
Tension members are structural elements that are subjected to axial tensile forces. They
are used in various types of structures and include truss members, bracing for buildings
and bridges, cables in suspended roof systems, and cables in suspension and cable-stayed
bridges. Any cross-sectional configuration may be used, because for any given material,
the only determinant of the strength of a tension member is the cross-sectional area.
Circular rods and rolled angle shapes are frequently used. Built-up shapes, either from
Chapter 6 : Network Performance & Transmission Media
In previous sections, we have discussed the tools for transmitting data (signals) over a network and how the data behaves. In this section, we discuss quality of service, and an overall measurement of network performance.
One of the major functions of the physical layer is to move data in the form of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium. Generally, the data usable to a person or application is not in a form that can be transmitted over a network. For example, a photograph must first be changed to a form that transmission media can accept. Transmission media work by conducting energy along a physical path.