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Chapter 2: Network Standards and OSI Model
The layered model that dominated data communications and networking literature before 1990 was the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Everyone believed that the OSI model would become the ultimate standard for data communications, but this did not happen. The TCP/IP protocol suite became the dominant commercial architecture because it was used and tested extensively in the Internet; the OSI model was never fully implemented. Figure 2.1 shows the layers included in the TCP/IP and OSI models and also the main
protocols and services provided by each layer .
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