Thyristor is, a three terminal, four layers solid state semiconductor device, each layer consisting of alternately N-type or P-type material, i.e; P-N-P-N.
The conventional thyristor is also known by the name SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier).
They are operated as bistable switches, operating from non conducting state to conducting state.
Thyristors can be assumed as ideal switches for many application, but the practical thyristors exhibit certain characteristics and limitations.
A Zener diode allows current in the forward direction like a regular diode
but also conducts in reverse when the voltage exceeds a specific Zener breakdown voltage (Zener voltage).
Common Zener diodes: 500mW BZX55 and 1.3W BZX85, like BZX55C7V5 (7.5V).
Zener diodes can be series-connected with silicon diodes for various reference voltages.
• Rectified voltage from rectifier has high ripple content.
Desired output is a pure, ripple-free DC waveform.
Filters are used to remove ripples.
Types of filters: capacitor filter, LC filter, choke input filter, ㅠ type filter.
A regulated power supply converts AC to a stable DC output, ensuring consistency despite input fluctuations. Also called a linear power supply, it consists of various circuit blocks to maintain a constant DC output from an AC input.
The Uni-junction Transistor (UJT) is a solid-state, three-terminal device.UJT is constructed using P-type and N-type semiconductor materials. It has a single PN-junction formed within the main N-type channel.