DIRECT METHOD USING A TAPE In this method, steel tapes or wires are used to measure distance very accurately. Nowadays, EDM is being used exclusively for accurate measurements but the steel tape still is of value for measuring limited lengths for setting out purposes.
Surveying may be defined as the science of determining the position, in three dimensions, of natural and man-made features on or beneath the surface of the Earth. These features may be represented in analogue form as a contoured map, plan or chart, or in digital form such as a digital ground model (DGM).
In engineering surveying, either or both of the above formats may be used for planning, design and construction of works, both on the surface and underground. At a later stage, surveying techniques are