Freud theory (psychosexual development) Proposed by the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, the theory of psychosexual development describes how personality develops during childhood. Freud believed that personality develops through a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas. Freud described three levels of consciousness: the id, which controls physical need and instincts of the body; the ego, the conscious self, which controls the pleasure principle of the id by delaying the instincts until an appropriate time; and the superego, the conscience or parental value system.